These results suggest that CLA promotes neuronal differentiation by increasing, in part, the expression of Hes6 mRNA and by activating p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) to arrest cell cycle.Ĭopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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In NSCs treated with CLA, the number of Tuj-1-positive cells (neurons) and the mRNA expression levels of Hes6, MAP2, p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) increased, while the proportion of S-phase cells decreased compared with the control, no change was demonstrated in NSCs treated with LA. The cis-9,trans-11 isomer is the principal dietary form of CLA, but the concentrations of this isomer and the trans-10,cis-12 isomer in dairy products or beef vary depending on the diet fed to. The effect of CLA may be somewhat less than that of industrial. High intakes of an 80:20 mixture of 9-cis, 11-trans, and 10-trans, 12-cis CLA raise the total to HDL cholesterol ratio in healthy volunteers.
CIS 9 TRANS 11 SAFE SKIN
NSCs cultured with or without LA and CLA were assessed by immunofluorescence staining, mRNA measurement of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors by real-time PCR, BrdU incorporation analysis and flow cytometry analysis. Tretinoin, also known as all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), is a naturally occurring derivative of vitamin A ().Retinoids such as tretinoin are important regulators of cell reproduction, proliferation, and differentiation and are used to treat acne and photodamaged skin and to manage keratinization disorders such as ichthyosis and keratosis follicularis. It was provided either by oleic acid, by industrial trans fatty acids or by a mixture of 80 9-cis, 11-trans and 20 10-trans, 12-cis CLA. However, due to the conversion of all-trans to 9-cis RA, high concentrations (10 5 M) of all-trans RA can also activate gene transcription in cells transfected with RXRs 30.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of LA and CLA on neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). RARs can be activated by both all-trans and 9-cis-RA, while, RXRs are exclusively activated by 9-cis RA. Cis-9,trans-11-CLA (CLA), the main isomer of CLAs in foods derived from ruminants, has several beneficial effects for humans and animals however, its effects on the central nervous system are largely unknown. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid (LA).